【有片】每走一步都好痛! 犬貓3大關節疾病如何照顧?

你家的寵物是否煩躁不安、不愛上下樓梯、行走有障礙呢?當心出現這些徵兆恐是關節痛。寵樂動物醫院獸醫師張軒祐表示,貓狗關節疾病主要分為3種,也是門診中最常遇到的,包括先天性關節問題、後天性創傷與退化性關節炎,建議飼主避免讓犬貓激烈奔跑跳躍,並可使用防滑足貼或是輔助樓梯,可減少犬貓關節負擔,自在活動。

一、先天性關節問題

髖關節是連接大腿和骨盆的關節,也是狗全身受力最重的關節。張軒祐表示,特定犬種例如鬥牛犬易有髖關節發育異常;大型犬如拉布拉多、黃金獵犬、德國狼犬容易出現髖關節發育不良,導致關節脫位;小型犬像貴賓狗,常見髖關節異常與膝關節移位。

貓咪則會有軟骨發育異常的狀況,可能會因不斷受刺激,造成腕骨、腳踝發炎,因此有些貓走路會呈現外八字的姿勢。曾有一位飼主感覺貓咪彷彿每天都在哭,帶來就醫拍X光,竟然發現每一個關節處都極度腫脹,病變非常嚴重,「其實牠們每走一步都是疼痛的,這隻動物牠很辛苦,每分每秒其實都是在痛苦中度過的。」

對於遺傳基因的先天性關節問題,國外已減少培育特定品種的犬貓,以免讓動物一輩子遭受痛苦。由於狗狗疼痛但無法表達,飼養寵物前可先評估品種。

二、後天性創傷

許多飼主喜歡和狗狗玩拋接或是奔跑跳躍活動,張軒祐提醒,只要身體離地做出劇烈活動,其實都會造成關節運動傷害,尤其當犬隻體重比較重的時候,更容易增加磨損機率。診間曾碰過一隻狗狗,運動時從高處上跳下來重摔,整個骨頭不僅脫位,更嚴重的是還造成骨折!

獸醫師建議飼主平日跟狗狗互動時,儘量以溫和的活動為主,若需要進行較高強度運動,記得要先熱身,例如可先讓犬隻走路散步一下,提升整體核心溫度,並且讓肌肉延展,再進行高強度運動,可減少犬隻運動傷害。

三、退化性關節炎

隨著犬貓年齡增長,會逐漸出現退化性關節炎,此疾病好發於4個關節,包括肩關節、肘關節、膝關節跟髖關節,都屬於身體活動度大的關節處。最常見的徵兆就是犬貓上下樓梯時出現猶豫感,很可能是因為關節活動度變差,導致行走障礙,更可能連帶肌肉萎縮,飼主須留意。

張軒祐建議,若寵物確診有退化性關節炎的狀況,飼主可以適時在肉墊處貼足貼,增加摩擦力。有些地板面太過光滑,例如大理石磚、拋光石英磚等,防滑系數過低,動物本身已經關節退化,肌肉又萎縮,不易使力,加上腳上有毛髮,在光滑的平面上就無法穩定站立,有受傷之虞。

還有,有些狗狗喜歡爬上主人的床睡覺,或是爬上沙發窩在主人身邊。獸醫師建議飼主可在床邊或沙發附近放置小樓梯,便於狗狗上下爬行。不過曾有狗狗乖乖爬上樓梯,但下樓梯偏偏要「用跳的」,恐會增加關節負擔,建議最好能讓狗狗從小習慣爬樓梯,若長大了習慣不易改,飼主則可主動將狗狗抱下來。

另外小型犬常出現「雙腳站立」動作,這是由於犬隻體型小,距離人類較遠,當牠們想要跟人互動時,便會藉由站立拉近距離。建議飼主可蹲下與寵物視線齊平,讓小型犬免雙腳站立,就能好好保護關節。

 

採訪醫師:張軒祐 獸醫師

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資料來源:健康醫療網 https://www.healthnews.com.tw/readnews.php?id=60005

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